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“Grant”
Glade Mill Notorious

Beagle

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Registration

N/A : HP59944104

Genetic Breed Result

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Beagle

The Beagle is a scent hound and a great family pet. They are known for being affectionate and having loud voices.

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Health Summary

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Grant is at increased risk for one genetic health condition.

And inherited two variants that you should learn more about.

Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I)

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Grant inherited both copies of the variant we tested

How to interpret this result

Grant has two copies of an FGF4 retrogene on chromosome 12. In some breeds such as Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Dachshunds (among others) this variant is found in nearly all dogs. While those breeds are known to have an elevated risk of IVDD, many dogs in those breeds never develop IVDD. For mixed breed dogs and purebreds of other breeds where this variant is not as common, risk for Type I IVDD is greater for individuals with this variant than for similar dogs.

What is Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I)?

Type I Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a back/spine issue that refers to a health condition affecting the discs that act as cushions between vertebrae. With Type I IVDD, affected dogs can have a disc event where it ruptures or herniates towards the spinal cord. This pressure on the spinal cord causes neurologic signs which can range from a wobbly gait to impairment of movement. Chondrodystrophy (CDDY) refers to the relative proportion between a dog’s legs and body, wherein the legs are shorter and the body longer. There are multiple different variants that can cause a markedly chondrodystrophic appearance as observed in Dachshunds and Corgis. However, this particular variant is the only one known to also increase the risk for IVDD.

Factor VII Deficiency

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Grant inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Grant’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Grant is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because he only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of his offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Factor VII Deficiency?

Factor VII deficiency is a type of coagulopathy, a disorder of blood clotting. It is characterized by mild to moderate abnormal bleeding (generally less severe than that caused by deficiencies in other clotting factors such as Factors VIII or IX). Some dogs with this condition will show no clinical signs.

ALT Activity

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Grant inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Grant has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Grant has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Grant is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Grant’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKLR Exon 7, Beagle Variant)

Identified in Beagles

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, crd4/cord1 (RPGRIP1)

Identified in Beagles

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (ADAMTS10 Exon 17, Beagle Variant)

Identified in Beagles

Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration (SPTBN2, Beagle Variant)

Identified in Beagles

Hypocatalasia, Acatalasemia (CAT)

Identified in Beagles

Cobalamin Malabsorption (CUBN Exon 8, Beagle Variant)

Identified in Beagles

Musladin-Lueke Syndrome, MLS (ADAMTSL2)

Identified in Beagles

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (COL1A2, Beagle Variant)

Identified in Beagles

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

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Through Grant’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace his mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

B1

Haplotype

B84

Map

B1

Glade Mill Notorious’s Haplogroup

B1 is the second most common maternal lineage in breeds of European or American origin. It is the female line of the majority of Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, and Shih Tzus, and about half of Beagles, Pekingese and Toy Poodles. This lineage is also somewhat common among village dogs that carry distinct ancestry from these breeds. We know this is a result of B1 dogs being common amongst the European dogs that their conquering owners brought around the world, because nowhere on earth is it a very common lineage in village dogs. It even enables us to trace the path of (human) colonization: Because most Bichons are B1 and Bichons are popular in Spanish culture, B1 is now fairly common among village dogs in Latin America.

B84

Glade Mill Notorious’s Haplotype

Part of the large B1 haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most frequently in Golden Retrievers, Beagles, and Staffordshire Terriers.

The B1 haplogroup can be found in village dogs like the Peruvian Village Dog, pictured above.

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Through Grant’s Y-chromosome we can trace his father’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

A1a

Haplotype

H1a.5

Map

A1a

Glade Mill Notorious’s Haplogroup

Some of the wolves that became the original dogs in Central Asia around 15,000 years ago came from this long and distinguished line of male dogs. After domestication, they followed their humans from Asia to Europe and then didn't stop there. They took root in Europe, eventually becoming the dogs that founded the Vizsla breed 1,000 years ago. The Vizsla is a Central European hunting dog, and all male Vizslas descend from this line. During the Age of Exploration, like their owners, these pooches went by the philosophy, "Have sail, will travel!" From the windy plains of Patagonia to the snug and homey towns of the American Midwest, the beaches of a Pacific paradise, and the broad expanse of the Australian outback, these dogs followed their masters to the outposts of empires. Whether through good fortune or superior genetics, dogs from the A1a lineage traveled the globe and took root across the world. Now you find village dogs from this line frolicking on Polynesian beaches, hanging out in villages across the Americas, and scavenging throughout Old World settlements. You can also find this "prince of patrilineages" in breeds as different as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Pugs, Border Collies, Scottish Terriers, and Irish Wolfhounds. No male wolf line has been as successful as the A1a line!

H1a.5

Glade Mill Notorious’s Haplotype

Part of the large A1a haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most commonly in Beagles.

Dogs with A1a lineage travelled during European Colonial times.

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